Based on the patent data of the Nobel Prize for Natural Science Awards winner since the 21st century, according to Tsien Hsueshen’s theory of engineering sciences and hierarchy of science and technology system, detailed evaluation and classification have been made on the achievements’ nature of the Nobel Prize for Natural Science Awards. According to the Nobel Prize related data, in the nearly 15 years, the field of physics has shown a situation that basic science and engineering sciences have equal shares of the field. However, the field of chemistry, physiology or medicine has shown an obvious trend of technological science. It means that, simply depending on the basic scientific level is hardly to achieve the ambitious goals of the Nobel Prize and the enhancement of science and technology strength. Therefore, it is necessary to attach importance to engineering sciences in the process of building a science and technology superpower.
